Literature Review - Forms of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Literature Review - Forms of Business - Essay Example Because of this, an accountant must understand the different forms of business so they are able to provide the best information for the particular business. There are many different types of business structures. These include sole proprietorships, partnerships, and limited liability companies. In order for an accountant to do well with business, he or she needs to understand how each of these business structures work. Relationship of the Topic to Future Career Goals I have chosen this topic because accountants are needed all over the world. Many organizations provide many services for profit. Of course, accountants are also needed in the non-profit sector so the prospects for careers are endless. Many companies have gone bankrupt because they did not do well with their money. For example, companies like Enron, Qwest, and others had problems because they did not handle their financial affairs well. Because of this, an accountant can specialize in many different areas. An individual co uld decide to become a financial accountant, a managerial accountant or a cost accountant (Peavler, 2013). The field of accounting seems very open and it seems more dependent on an individual’s decision as to which aspect of the field they choose as a career. I wanted to investigate the different business structures and focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Accounting is a basic principle of economics and can be viewed on different levels. For example, a company will use accounting, but an individual may also use an accountant to take care of everyday needs. Many people use accounting for calculating their taxes, making decisions, and understanding their stocks and bonds. This literature review will continue to develop the differences between the business structures and provide an understanding of the main characteristics and the advantages and disadvantages of each of these structures. Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is generally the organizational structure that someone takes who is just beginning a start-up company. This allows the individual to have a business name and use their own social security number or register with a business number. A sole proprietorship allows an individual to operate as a business and to take all the profits. One person runs the business and therefore is responsible for any losses or debts that the business incurs. Advantages of a Sole Proprietorship The literature review provides a variety of ways that a sole proprietorship has its advantages and relates to accounting. Amato (2013) states that sole proprietorships need to do succession planning although they are the only ones running the business. Amato states that sole proprietors must understand that there is a need for them to name someone who will take over the business when they want to leave it, if they are not selling it. Hendrix (2012) states that a sole proprietorship is the easiest form of business to start because the owner and the bu siness are the same entity. LaMance (2012) states several advantages of a sole proprietorship. The owner does not have to do separate business tax forms, sole proprietors can hire employees and they can receive tax breaks for hiring people. Also, the owner of the business is the only one responsible for making decisions in the business. Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship LaMance (2012) states that there several disadvantages of sole proprietorsh

Did Imperial Germany remain a 'disunited nation' until 1914 Essay

Did Imperial Germany remain a 'disunited nation' until 1914 - Essay Example Although imperial Germany was held together by the brilliant diplomatic policies of Bismarck, it is a fact that there was too much diversity and suspicion in Germany. The political and religious conflicts left Germany a disunited nation and created an environment of hatred and one-upmanship that resulted in isolation of many minorities such as German Jews and the Catholics.2 The causes of the disunited state of Germany lie with its very unification process. Although there did exist a common language in the region, the unity of Germany didn’t manifest itself before Napoleonic wars. The resentment towards French occupation made German speaking people realize the need for freedom.3 This could only be possible if German speaking states of Prussia and Austria came together and formed a separate country. There also occurred many other significant events which promoted feeling of unity among German people. The Prussian empire had achieved military success in three separate wars. Peop le were also influenced by the rise of French nationalism which followed the French revolution. A sense of unity cannot exist if the different societies or communities are not aware of each other’s existence. ... The development and spread of German literature identified the existence of Germany. The literary works of The Brothers Grimm and Karl Baedekar glorified the natural beauty and cultural heritage of various German states. There were many common grounds of which formation of a German state was an inevitable consequence. But there were many factors which dampened any sudden rise of nationalism. For long, the two German empires of Austria and Prussia had been involved in political and economic rivalry. A great deal of ‘threshold’ energy was required to break the current sequence of political pattern and motivate people to aspire for a single country. The remarkable leadership of Bismarck and his manipulation of events in 1866 and 1870 led to the creation of the imperial Germany.4 The initial years of the imperial Germany were marked by huge divisions at various levels. To begin with, there was stark contrast in the economic status of Germans. The rich class of Prussian landl ords and elites continued to exercise significant amount of influence over the political structure of the new empire.5The junkers, as they were called, were immensely powerful as the formation of the German empire occurred without any political upheaval or social revolution. Unlike other revolutions, there wasn’t any redistribution of land or restructuring of the political system. The diversity of a country cannot be counted as the only sign of disunity. There are many countries in the world which have class conflict but they stay together. Even the revolutions such as French revolution and Russian revolution don’t create a disunited country. The revolutions may increase or decrease the territorial size of a country but they hardly have an impact on the very concept of a

State Bank of Patiala Analysis

State Bank of Patiala Analysis State Bank of Patiala is a public sector bank in India with its headquarters at Patiala, a city in the state of Punjab. The bank is an associate of the State Bank Group and offers core banking solutions to its customers. State Bank of Patiala (SBP) was established in 1917 by the king of the then princely state of Patiala. It was then called Patiala State Bank. After independence in 1947, the bank became a subsidiary of the state government of Punjab. In 1960, it became an associate bank of the State Bank Group. With the nationalization of the State Bank Group in 1969, SBOP became a public sector bank. The State Bank of Patiala has identified specialized segments and designed varied products to meet the needs of such segments. The segments are for the purposes are as follow: Personal banking Agriculture rural banking NRI banking SME corporate banking Government banking Internet banking Mobile banking The bank has now added a golden chapter to its history by fully networking all its branches on Core Banking Solutions on 08.08.2005 and become the first fully networked Public Sector Bank in the country. Bank distribute through As far as the distribution channel of products and services of the bank is concerned, I have come to know that state bank of Patiala has mostly indirect channels of distribution of its products and services but direct channels also to some extent. The bank is having various tie ups with many companies for the distribution of its products. If the loan section is taken bank maximum use its indirect channel for the distribution of the products which are as follow:- Scheme for Financing of Commercial Vehicles under Tie-up with:- Ashok Leyland Limited Eicher Motors Limited Force Motors Limited Tata Motors Limited Maruti udhyog ltd. Mahindra motors Scheme for finance of Motor Cycles and Scooters under Tie-up with:- Hero Honda Motors Limited: Scheme for extending facilities to Franchisee outlets in the form of Bank Guarantee/Term Loan. Monte Carlo Cotton County Bank is also under the Tata nano special financing scheme with the Tata motors. Moreover the bank is in the MOU for loan to the students of the Frankfinn Aviation Services Ltd. which will ensure 100 per cent financing of the tuition fee of its students for the one-year courses in aviation crew and hospitality and travel industry. Moreover for the NRI banking bank is having again indirect distribution channel and having various tie ups with: Thomas cook money transfer Wall Street money exchange Western union money transfer SBOP has also various tie ups with foreign banks for the transfer of funds, currency etc  . The SBOP also provides the various services like insurance, mutual funds etc. and for its distribution the bank is having SBI- life, oriental insurance ltd, SBI- mutual funds SBI- card etc. As far as direct channels are concerned bank used the internet banking and mobile banking for its distribution of the products. Why SBOP use indirect channel so Now the next thing arises that why SBOP mostly use the indirect channel. As it is known that there are mainly two channels of marketing which are: Direct Channel A direct distribution channel is where a company sells their products direct to consumers. Indirect Channel The indirect channel is used by companies who do not sell their goods directly to consumers. But the direct channel has one major drawback i.e. characteristically present in conventional retailing which means it doesnt allow any options. Moreover, although direct selling saves channel costs, commission paid to as high as 30-35% of retail price. Also recruiting training motivating and retaining good sale people is difficult and expensive task. For direct selling face-to-face interaction must be capable of producing a significant value addition to the consumer, compared to be purchasing from retail shop. Finally channel becomes fail when circumstances changes. So in order to overcome from all these problems bank mostly uses the indirect channels of distribution. Moreover Suppliers and manufacturers typically use indirect channels because they exist early in the supply chain. Companies choose the indirect channel best suited for their product to obtain the best market share; it also allows them to focus on producing their goods. So in nutshell it would be suggested to bank that the bank should try to use direct channels in more terms because while direct channels were not popular many years ago, the Internet has greatly increased the use of direct channels. Additionally, companies needing to cut costs may use direct channels to avoid middlemen markups on their products. Depending on the industry and product, direct distribution channels have become more prevalent due to the Internet. Like in present scenario everyone use the internet for any sort of information so now the days banks are concentrating more upon direct channels rather to distribute indirectly. SBOP is also doing the same.

Measure for Measure Essay: Private Temptation and Social

Private Temptation and Social Restraint in Measure for Measure      Ã‚   In his play, Measure for Measure, Shakespeare poses problems of law, justice, and personal freedom for which he offers no easy answers. Measure for Measure is very relevant to current political debates over public morality and the limits of self-expression. The play proposes the question: How do we reconcile social restraint and personal passion?    The Vienna of Measure for Measure, under the rule of Duke Vincentio, is a garden gone to seed. Permissiveness, corruption, and debauchery have choked out healthy growth in the absence of prudent cultivation. The play's climate of disillusionment finds modem resonance in the cynicism of the youth of today.    The play opens with the Duke preparing for a hasty yet deliberately ambiguous departure. Appointing morally impeccable Angelo as his replacement, the Duke passes over ice, a wise old judge named Escalus. But in a the obvious choice, play preoccupied with tests of character, it is appropriate that the city's most self righteous official undergoes the severest validation of his integrity. What follows is a drama of seduction. Angelo is tempted by the sins he condemns most harshly, sins, that release, him from the custody of his repressed desires. The Duke, who travels undercover to observe the effects of his lax rule, cautions Angelo in a manner suggesting his suspicion of the seductive power of authority. He is clearly interested in whether power will alter Angelo. Having failed himself to enforce the law, the Duke would, nevertheless, have Angelo be wary of the terrible power of judgment. He - advises his surrogate to fuse his personal values - what he believes in his heart with his public judg... ...characters. The play, like the Duke, makes a plea for tolerance, drawing on the biblical injunction that underlies its title: "Judge not that ye be not judged, for with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged; and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again."    Works Cited and Consulted: Geckle, George L. ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Measure for Measure. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1970. McLuskie, Kathleen. "Political Criticism and Shakespeare: King Lear and Measure for Measure" in Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism, ed. Dollimor, Jonathan and Alan Sinfield. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1985, 88-108. Shakespeare, William. Measure for Measure, ed. Brian Gibbons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Watts, Cedric. Measure for Measure. London: Penguin, 1986.

”As You Like It” by William Shakespeare Essay

Support the view that Shakespeare is examining different kinds of love and marriage in this play? In the play As You Like It there are quite a few different types of love. There are four sexual relationships in the play, all of which have different varieties, or examples of love The main couple in the play are Rosalind and Orlando. They first meet in a wrestling match that Orlando has been entered in against Charles. Rosalind notices him for his good looks and youth, and because of this is concerned he will be hurt. Orlando wins the match though and as a token Rosalind gives Orlando her necklace. Orlando instantly falls in love with Rosalind when he first sees her and is stuck for what to say to her, â€Å"Can I not say, ‘I thank you’? My better parts are all Thrown down, and that which here stands up is but a Quintain, mere lifeless block.† Rosalind then runs off into the forest of Arden dressed as a man called Ganymede. Orlando also flees to the forest where he writes ridiculous love poems and posts them on trees for Rosalind to find. Rosalind, dressed as Ganymede, then becomes friends with Orlando and gives him advice on ways to go about asking her to marry him. She does this by pretending to be Rosalind while dressed as Ganymede. This is so Orlando does not recognise it is her. This can get quite confusing at times. She finally reveals to him that it has been her all along though and they get married straight away. This is the first kind of love where both people love each other and no one else. This is the most simple love situation in the poem because it has no complications of people loving other people, or them not being allowed to love each other. The couple that show the least romance throughout the play is Silvius and Phebe. Silvius is a kind-hearted shepherd who lives in the Forest of Arden. Phebe though is a rough shepherdess who finds Silvius annoying. The reason for this is because Silvius is deeply in love with Phebe, and she has rejected him many times. Phebe just ignores him though and because of this Silvius keeps on asking her to love him, † Sweet Phebe, do not scorn me, do not, Phebe. Say that you love me not, but say not so in Bitterness†. The only person Phebe finds attractive in the play is Ganymede, who is actually Rosalind. She writes a letter to Ganymede asking him to marry her, and is rejected quite obviously. As a result of this Phebe is forced to marry Silvius in the end because she has no one else who likes her. I think the aspect of love that is showed her is a cruel side of love. The reason I think this is because Phebe is virtually forced to marry Silvius when she does not want to. Silvius though is overjoyed because she is the love of his life and marrying her is his dream. This is unfair on Phebe though because she does not love him, but she has no one else so has to go along with it. Celia and Oliver are the most surprising couple in the play I think. This is because they meet very close to the end of the play, and instantly fall in love with each other. Another reason for this is that Celia is a very kind, likeable woman throughout the play. Oliver on the other hand changes his personality. At the beginning of the play he is a very nasty man who says he hates his brother because of his good looks and his ability to be liked by everyone he meets. His personality changes though when he is sent into the forest to find his brother, Orlando, by Duke Frederick. He finds Orlando and then he meets Celia, who he instantly falls in love with. He then makes the story up of saving his brother from a lion and his personality completely changes. â€Å"‘Twas I, but ’tis not I. I do not shame to tell you What I was, since my conversion so sweetly tastes, Being the thing I am†. He turns into the complete opposite of his old personality, and becomes very nice. This also attracts Celia to him, as well as her thinking he is good looking. This attraction between the two of them means they become a couple and get married too. This is the same kind of love as Orlando and Rosalind experienced. This is where they have no complications and both of them love each other. They also fall in love with the first sight of each other, as did Rosalind and Orlando. The next couple I am going to examine from the play is the pairing of Touchstone and Audrey. This is possibly the strangest couple in the play. My reason for thinking this is that they are completely different people, and have very different backgrounds. Touchstone is a court jester, and has lived a sophisticated courtly life. Audrey on the other hand is a country girl who has been brought up on a farm. Even though there are these differences, the two still get married. They were meant to be wed quite early into the play, but this did not go as planned and they did not. They did how ever talk more about it and finally got married at the end of the play. â€Å"Come sweet Audrey, we must be married†. The love that this couple portray is lust. Touchstone may not have had the chance with a woman before, but he now has the chance of Audrey. He is only with her really because of the fact he can get things out of her, mainly sex. She is a country wench and Touchstone knows this, and I think this is the reason he goes after her, â€Å"Truly, and to cast away honesty upon a foul slut Were to put good meat into an unclean dish†.

Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - 1560 Words

[Title Here, up to 12 Words, on One to Two Lines] [Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees] [Institutional Affiliation(s)] Author Note [Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.] It is a sad statistic that a great number of children suffer traumatic events such as domestic violence; abuse; rape; violent crime; natural disasters, war, or the death of loved ones under traumatic situations. Countless experience several types of trauma. Although some children exhibit amazing strength in the aftermath of these incidents, many have pain or develop psychological issues that can be long lasting, and very serious... Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is parts -based†¦show more content†¦Separate meetings for the child and for the parents or caregivers are an important part of the treatment. As with any therapy, creating a therapeutic connection with the child and parent is crucial to TF-CBT. The specific components of TF-CBT are summarized by the acronym PRACTICE: †¢ †¢ Psychoeducation is offered to children and their caregivers about the impact of trauma, parenting skills are also offered to improve emotional and behavioral adjustment. †¢ Relaxation and skills to lessen stress are individual for each child and parent . †¢ Effective expression and modulation are taught to help children and parents identify and cope with a range of emotions . †¢ Cognitive coping and processing are improved by demonstrating the relationships among thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This helps children and parents change obstructive thoughts about the trauma . †¢ Trauma narration, in which children describe their personal traumatic experiences, is an important component of the treatment †¢ In vivo mastery of trauma, reminders used to help individual overcome their evasion of circumstances that are not of any danger but reminds them of the original trauma . †¢ Conjoint child-parent sessions help the child and parent communicate about the trauma METHODOLOGY The choice of the participants for a TF - CBT are usually blind but voluntary and the size of the sample can vary anywhere from

The American Juvenile Justice System - 1043 Words

The American juvenile justice system had developed over the past century with a number of variables that makes it different from the adult criminal justice process. Juvenile justice advocates supports the differences on the youthful offenders. Juvenile crime policy over the course of the twentieth century talks about transferring the law’s conceptions of young offenders. Starting from the nineteenth century, many of the youths were tried and punished as adults. However, treatment of juveniles in the United States started to change. Reformers created a way where juveniles can be housed in special facilities. Their mission was to protect juvenile offenders by separating them from adults. Juvenile justice system focuses primarily on rehabilitation and help youths avoid a future of crime. Since then there have been many milestones and historical evolutions that can make juvenile justice an effective system. Because there was no real separate court or jail for juveniles in the nineteenth century, juveniles were treated on the same level as every other adult justice system allowing them susceptible to the same punishments as adults. In the beginning of the nineteenth century, society changed their views and how they viewed juvenile offenders. During the early years of the juvenile justice system, three major milestones have occurred; the child-saving movement, the concept of parens patriae, and the Illinois Juvenile Court Act. In our modern society, juvenile offenders are nowShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Juvenile Justice System1248 Words   |  5 PagesRace and Sentencing It has been brought up that certain race and ethic affects a person’s sentencing. Many studies have addressed the question are African Americans treated more severely than similarly situated whites? (Mitchell, 2005). Observers had indeed noted that black defendants get more severe sentencing than white defendants do (Spohn, 1981). For many years’ social scientist has examined this theory and came up with three explanations, racial discrimination, Wealth discrimination, andRead MoreEssay on American Juvenile Justice System2008 Words   |  9 PagesThe American criminal justice system is comprised of criminal courts, correctional facilities, and law enforcement officials. Each of these components also make up the juvenile justice system but the operations of each differs with juveniles than with adults who are suspected of committing criminal acts. A juvenile offender is an individual under a certain age who is suspected of having committed a crime or a status offens e. A status offense is an offense that if committed by an adult, wouldRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe high incarceration rate of juveniles is a significant social problem that affects society as a whole as well as the youth’s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in the juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the United States. â€Å"For moreRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African American Juveniles1487 Words   |  6 PagesDisciplinary changes applied to the juvenile justice system in addition to negative impressions of juvenile males have caused juvenile male incarceration rates to surge. African American male juveniles encounter racial differences in society everyday due to view that media portrays them to be. Racial bias amongst these juvenile African American males is the principal cause of their incarceration rates climbing higher each year. The lives of these juveniles are seriously altered after being incarceratedRead MoreDisproportionate Minority Contact739 Words   |  3 Pagesdisproportionately represented throughout juvenile justice systems in nearly every state in the nation. Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in juvenile justice occurs when minority youth come into contact with the system at a higher rate than their white counterparts. African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprise a combined one-third of the nations youth population. Yet they account for over two-thirds of the youth in secure juvenile facilities (Armour Hammond,Read MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Creating A Criminal Class758 Words   |  4 PagesSuch reactions and critiques of the juvenile justice system enforce the notion that the juvenile system is creating a criminal class. Black’s theory states that patterns of relationships between the parties inv olved in a case predict the styles and forms of social control, relationships between intimates would result in more informal handling of cases. Law and formal control arise when informal control is weak and unavailable. Legal control by the state develops when social control of familiesRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Reflective Of Their National Population1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare roughly 79,000 adolescents held at juvenile facilities all across the United States (Sickmund Puzzanchera, 2014). Of that population, Latino and African American youth represent the majority of those in confinement. This is a problem because the overrepresentation of minorities within the juvenile justice system is not reflective of their national population percentages. Nationally, Latino and African American youth only comprise 38% of the total juvenile population combined, while CaucasianRead MoreShould Juvenile Offenders Be Punished?1423 Words   |  6 PagesTo Americans, justice is important. When harm is done to most Americans, often victims of harm say they want the juvenile offender to pay for what he/she has done. Making someone pay for the harm they have caused is an easy concept when it comes to adult offenders; however, what about juvenile offenders? Should juvenile offenders be punished for what he/she has done? When victims want the juvenile offender to be punished for the harm they have caused, this is called retributive justice. Often AmericansRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System860 Words   |  4 PagesOnce youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. So once juvenile is making face to face contact with the police officers, his life is in the hands of that officer who can make very important and sometime